Linux-LPI - LPIC-3 (305: Virtualization und Containerization)

Topic 351: Full Virtualization

351.1 Virtualization Concepts and Theory

• Understand virtualization terminology
• Understand the pros and cons of virtualization
• Understand the various variations of Hypervisors and Virtual Machine Monitors
• Understand the major aspects of migrating physical to virtual machines
• Understand the major aspects of migrating virtual machines between host systems
• Understand the features and implications of virtualization for a virtual machine, such as snapshotting, pausing, cloning and resource limits
• Awareness of oVirt, Proxmox, systemd-machined and VirtualBox
• Awareness of Open vSwitch

351.2 Xen

• Understand architecture of Xen, including networking and storage
• Basic configuration of Xen nodes and domains
• Basic management of Xen nodes and domains
• Basic troubleshooting of Xen installations
• Awareness of XAPI
• Awareness of XenStore
• Awareness of Xen Boot Parameters
• Awareness of the xm utility

351.3 QEMU

• Understand the architecture of QEMU, including KVM, networking and storage
• Start QEMU instances from the command line
• Manage snapshots using the QEMU monitor
• Install the QEMU Guest Agent and VirtIO device drivers
• Troubleshoot QEMU installations, including networking and storage
• Awareness of important QEMU configuration parameters

351.4 Libvirt Virtual Machine Management

• Understand the architecture of libvirt
• Manage libvirt connections and nodes
• Create and manage QEMU and Xen domains, including snapshots
• Manage and analyze resource consumption of domains
• Create and manage storage pools and volumes
• Create and manage virtual networks
• Migrate domains between nodes
• Understand how libvirt interacts with Xen and QEMU
• Understand how libvirt interacts with network services such as dnsmasq and radvd
• Understand libvirt XML configuration files
• Awareness of virtlogd and virtlockd

351.5 Virtual Machine Disk Image Management

• Understand features of various virtual disk image formats, such as raw images, qcow2 and VMDK
• Manage virtual machine disk images using qemu-img
• Mount partitions and access files contained in virtual machine disk images using libguestfish
• Copy physical disk content to a virtual machine disk image
• Migrate disk content between various virtual machine disk image formats
• Awareness of Open Virtualization Format (OVF)

Topic 352: Container Virtualization

352.1 Container Virtualization Concepts

• Understand the concepts of system and application container
• Understand and analyze kernel namespaces
• Understand and analyze control groups
• Understand and analyze capabilities
• Understand the role of seccomp, SELinux and AppArmor for container virtualization
• Understand how LXC and Docker leverage namespaces, cgroups, capabilities, seccomp and MAC
• Understand the principle of runc
• Understand the principle of CRI-O and containerd
• Awareness of the OCI runtime and image specifications
• Awareness of the Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface (CRI)
• Awareness of podman, buildah and skopeo
• Awareness of other container virtualization approaches in Linux and other free operating systems, such as rkt, OpenVZ, systemd-nspawn or BSD Jails

352.2 LXC

• Understand the architecture of LXC and LXD
• Manage LXC containers based on existing images using LXD, including networking and storage
• Configure LXC container properties
• Limit LXC container resource usage
• Use LXD profiles
• Understand LXC images
• Awareness of traditional LXC tools

352.3 Docker

• Understand the architecture and components of Docker
• Manage Docker containers by using images from a Docker registry
• Understand and manage images and volumes for Docker containers
• Understand and manage logging for Docker containers
• Understand and manage networking for Docker
• Use Dockerfiles to create container images
• Run a Docker registry using the registry Docker image

352.4 Container Orchestration Platforms

• Understand the relevance of container orchestration
• Understand the key concepts of Docker Compose and Docker Swarm
• Understand the key concepts of Kubernetes and Helm
• Awareness of OpenShift, Rancher and Mesosphere DC/OS

Topic 353: VM Deployment and Provisioning

353.1 Cloud Management Tools

• Understand common offerings in public clouds
• Basic feature knowledge of OpenStack
• Basic feature knowledge of Terraform
• Awareness of CloudStack, Eucalyptus and OpenNebula

353.2 Packer

• Understanding the features and concepts of cloud-init, including user-data, initializing and configuring cloud-init
• Use cloud-init to create, resize and mount file systems, configure user accounts, including login credentials such as SSH keys and install software
• packages from the distribution’s repository
• Integrate cloud-init into system images
• Use config drive datasource for testing

353.3 cloud-init

• Understanding the features and concepts of cloud-init, including user-data, initializing and configuring cloud-init
• Use cloud-init to create, resize and mount file systems, configure user accounts, including login credentials such as SSH keys and install software
• packages from the distribution’s repository
• Integrate cloud-init into system images
• Use config drive datasource for testing

353.4 Vagrant

• Understand Vagrant architecture and concepts, including storage and networking
• Retrieve and use boxes from Atlas
• Create and run Vagrantfiles
• Access Vagrant virtual machines
• Share and synchronize folder between a Vagrant virtual machine and the host system
• Understand Vagrant provisioning, i.e. File and Shell provisioners
• Understand multi-machine setup